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A planar embedding, also called a "plane graph" (Harary 1994, p. 103; Harborth and Möller 1994), "planar drawing," or "plane drawing," of a planar graph is an embedding in ...

Pogson's ratio is the constant 100^(1/5)=10^(2/5)=2.511886431... (OEIS A189824) appearing in the definition of the astronomical magnitude (brightness) scale. This scale is ...

The Pythagoras tree is a fractal constructed iteratively from a right triangle with squares erected on each of the sides. Subsequent iterations add additional similar right ...

Somos defines a rational triangle as a triangle such that all three sides measured relative to each other are rational. Koblitz (1993) defined a congruent number as an ...

A prime which does not divide the class number h(p) of the cyclotomic field obtained by adjoining a primitive pth root of unity to the field of rationals. A prime p is ...

Let G be Gauss's constant and M=1/G be its multiplicative inverse. Then M/sqrt(2)=0.8472130... (OEIS A097057) is sometimes known as the ubiquitous constant (Spanier and ...

The Euler-Maclaurin integration and sums formulas can be derived from Darboux's formula by substituting the Bernoulli polynomial B_n(t) in for the function phi(t). ...

If a_1>=a_2>=...>=a_n (1) b_1>=b_2>=...>=b_n, (2) then nsum_(k=1)^na_kb_k>=(sum_(k=1)^na_k)(sum_(k=1)^nb_k). (3) This is true for any distribution.

Frequency representation is the notation (1^(a_1)2^(a_2)...) used to abbreviate a partition {1,...,1_()_(a_1),2,...,2_()_(a_2),...} (Andrews 1998, p. 1).

Let alpha_(n+1) = (2alpha_nbeta_n)/(alpha_n+beta_n) (1) beta_(n+1) = sqrt(alpha_nbeta_n), (2) then H(alpha_0,beta_0)=lim_(n->infty)a_n=1/(M(alpha_0^(-1),beta_0^(-1))), (3) ...