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The falling factorial (x)_n, sometimes also denoted x^(n__) (Graham et al. 1994, p. 48), is defined by (x)_n=x(x-1)...(x-(n-1)) (1) for n>=0. Is also known as the binomial ...

The term multigraph refers to a graph in which multiple edges between nodes are either permitted (Harary 1994, p. 10; Gross and Yellen 1999, p. 4) or required (Skiena 1990, ...

The rising factorial x^((n)), sometimes also denoted <x>_n (Comtet 1974, p. 6) or x^(n^_) (Graham et al. 1994, p. 48), is defined by x^((n))=x(x+1)...(x+n-1). (1) This ...

The constant pi, denoted pi, is a real number defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference C to its diameter d=2r, pi = C/d (1) = C/(2r) (2) pi has decimal expansion ...

The factorial n! is defined for a positive integer n as n!=n(n-1)...2·1. (1) So, for example, 4!=4·3·2·1=24. An older notation for the factorial was written (Mellin 1909; ...

To pick a random point on the surface of a unit sphere, it is incorrect to select spherical coordinates theta and phi from uniform distributions theta in [0,2pi) and phi in ...

Conditions at an initial time t=t_0 from which a given set of mathematical equations or physical system evolves. A system with initial conditions specified is known as an ...

Let X_1,X_2,...,X_N be a set of N independent random variates and each X_i have an arbitrary probability distribution P(x_1,...,x_N) with mean mu_i and a finite variance ...

Let s_1, s_2, ... be an infinite series of real numbers lying between 0 and 1. Then corresponding to any arbitrarily large K, there exists a positive integer n and two ...

A sequence of real numbers {x_n} is equidistributed on an interval [a,b] if the probability of finding x_n in any subinterval is proportional to the subinterval length. The ...