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If for each positive integer h, the sequence {u_(n+h)-u_n} is uniformly distributed (mod 1), then the sequence {u_n} is uniformly distributed (mod 1) (Montgomery 2001).

The Löwenheim-Skolem theorem is a fundamental result in model theory which states that if a countable theory has a model, then it has a countable model. Furthermore, it has a ...

An infinite sequence of positive integers a_i satisfying 1<=a_1<a_2<a_3<... (1) is an A-sequence if no a_k is the sum of two or more distinct earlier terms (Guy 1994). Such ...

Arithmetic is the branch of mathematics dealing with integers or, more generally, numerical computation. Arithmetical operations include addition, congruence calculation, ...

If a sequence takes only a small number of different values, then by regarding the values as the elements of a finite field, the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm is an efficient ...

In physics, the word entropy has important physical implications as the amount of "disorder" of a system. In mathematics, a more abstract definition is used. The (Shannon) ...

Fermat's 4n+1 theorem, sometimes called Fermat's two-square theorem or simply "Fermat's theorem," states that a prime number p can be represented in an essentially unique ...

An important result in valuation theory which gives information on finding roots of polynomials. Hensel's lemma is formally stated as follows. Let (K,|·|) be a complete ...

The notion of a Hilbert C^*-module is a generalization of the notion of a Hilbert space. The first use of such objects was made by Kaplansky (1953). The research on Hilbert ...

An algebra <L; ^ , v > is called a lattice if L is a nonempty set, ^ and v are binary operations on L, both ^ and v are idempotent, commutative, and associative, and they ...