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An optimal filter used for the removal of noise from a signal which is corrupted by the measuring process itself.

One of the seven 4-polyhexes. S. Kim has observed that four worms solve the puzzle of finding a non-three-colorable map with only four congruent countries (as long as no ...

First stated in 1924, the Banach-Tarski paradox states that it is possible to decompose a ball into six pieces which can be reassembled by rigid motions to form two balls of ...

An adaptive Gaussian quadrature method for numerical integration in which error is estimation based on evaluation at special points known as "Kronrod points." By suitably ...

A deconvolution algorithm (sometimes abbreviated MEM) which functions by minimizing a smoothness function ("entropy") in an image. Maximum entropy is also called the ...

A Vandermonde matrix is a type of matrix that arises in the polynomial least squares fitting, Lagrange interpolating polynomials (Hoffman and Kunze p. 114), and the ...

For vectors u=(u_x,u_y,u_z) and v=(v_x,v_y,v_z) in R^3, the cross product in is defined by uxv = x^^(u_yv_z-u_zv_y)-y^^(u_xv_z-u_zv_x)+z^^(u_xv_y-u_yv_x) (1) = ...

The nearest integer function, also called nint or the round function, is defined such that nint(x) is the integer closest to x. While the notation |_x] is sometimes used to ...

The set R union {infty}, obtained by adjoining one improper element to the set R of real numbers, is the set of projectively extended real numbers. Although notation is not ...

The wallpaper groups are the 17 possible plane symmetry groups. They are commonly represented using Hermann-Mauguin-like symbols or in orbifold notation (Zwillinger 1995, p. ...