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Let three isoscelizers I_(AC)I_(AB), I_(BA)I_(BC), and I_(CA)I_(CB) be constructed on a triangle DeltaABC, one for each side. This makes all of the inner triangles similar to ...

A zero matrix is an m×n matrix consisting of all 0s (MacDuffee 1943, p. 27), denoted 0. Zero matrices are sometimes also known as null matrices (Akivis and Goldberg 1972, p. ...

The q-analog of pi pi_q can be defined by setting a=0 in the q-factorial [a]_q!=1(1+q)(1+q+q^2)...(1+q+...+q^(a-1)) (1) to obtain ...

The cosine function cosx is one of the basic functions encountered in trigonometry (the others being the cosecant, cotangent, secant, sine, and tangent). Let theta be an ...

The scalar form of Laplace's equation is the partial differential equation del ^2psi=0, (1) where del ^2 is the Laplacian. Note that the operator del ^2 is commonly written ...

The logarithmic integral (in the "American" convention; Abramowitz and Stegun 1972; Edwards 2001, p. 26), is defined for real x as li(x) = {int_0^x(dt)/(lnt) for 0<x<1; ...

The nth subfactorial (also called the derangement number; Goulden and Jackson 1983, p. 48; Graham et al. 2003, p. 1050) is the number of permutations of n objects in which no ...

Pre-Calculus

B-trees were introduced by Bayer (1972) and McCreight. They are a special m-ary balanced tree used in databases because their structure allows records to be inserted, ...

There are two curves known as the butterfly curve. The first is the sextic plane curve given by the implicit equation y^6=x^2-x^6 (1) (Cundy and Rollett 1989, p. 72; left ...