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An illusion named after the psychologist Joseph Jastrow. In the above figure, the left edges of the laminas A and B are colinear, creating an illusion of different size. ...

If p_1, ..., p_n are positive numbers which sum to 1 and f is a real continuous function that is convex, then f(sum_(i=1)^np_ix_i)<=sum_(i=1)^np_if(x_i). (1) If f is concave, ...

A matrix, also called a canonical box matrix, having zeros everywhere except along the diagonal and superdiagonal, with each element of the diagonal consisting of a single ...

If mu is a real measure (i.e., a measure that takes on real values), then one can decompose it according to where it is positive and negative. The positive variation is ...

Jordan's lemma shows the value of the integral I=int_(-infty)^inftyf(x)e^(iax)dx (1) along the infinite upper semicircle and with a>0 is 0 for "nice" functions which satisfy ...

The expected number of real zeros E_n of a random polynomial of degree n if the coefficients are independent and distributed normally is given by E_n = ...

The so-called generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Burgers equation is the partial differential equation ...

The Kähler potential is a real-valued function f on a Kähler manifold for which the Kähler form omega can be written as omega=ipartialpartial^_f. Here, the operators ...

A semi-oriented 2-variable knot polynomial defined by F_L(a,z)=a^(-w(L))<|L|>, (1) where L is an oriented link diagram, w(L) is the writhe of L, |L| is the unoriented diagram ...

The Kauffman X-polynomial, also called the normalized bracket polynomial, is a 1-variable knot polynomial denoted X (Adams 1994, p. 153), L (Kauffman 1991, p. 33), or F ...