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A spheroid is an ellipsoid having two axes of equal length, making it a surface of revolution. By convention, the two distinct axis lengths are denoted a and c, and the ...

One of the three standard tori given by the parametric equations x = (c+acosv)cosu (1) y = (c+acosv)sinu (2) z = asinv (3) with c<a. The exterior surface is called an apple ...

The combination of a central dilation and a rotation about the same center. However, the combination of a central dilation and a rotation whose centers are distinct is also a ...

A hypotrochoid generated by a fixed point on a circle rolling inside a fixed circle. The curves above correspond to values of a=0.1, 0.2, ..., 1.0. Additional attractive ...

A figure formed by taking a series of steps of length 1, 2, ..., n, with an angle theta turn after each step. The symbol for a spirolateral is ^(a_1,...,a_k)n_theta, where ...

A self-organizing data structure which uses rotations to move any accessed key to the root. This leaves recently accessed nodes near the top of the tree, making them very ...

Consider a star graph S_(n+1) consisting of a central hub vertex and n spokes, but instead of placing a single point at the end of each spoke, place k points along it (in ...

A square-free graph is a graph containing no graph cycles of length four. A simple graph is square-free iff c_4=1/8[Tr(A^4)-2m-2sum_(i!=j)a_(ij)^((2))]=0, where A is the ...

Gardner showed how to dissect a square into eight and nine acute scalene triangles. W. Gosper discovered a dissection of a unit square into 10 acute isosceles triangles, ...

The average number of regions N(n) into which n lines divide a square is N^_(n)=1/(16)n(n-1)pi+n+1 (Santaló 1976; Finch 2003, p. 481). The maximum number of sequences is ...