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When p is a prime number, then a p-group is a group, all of whose elements have order some power of p. For a finite group, the equivalent definition is that the number of ...

An alternating knot is a knot which possesses a knot diagram in which crossings alternate between under- and overpasses. Not all knot diagrams of alternating knots need be ...

A (p,q)-torus knot is obtained by looping a string through the hole of a torus p times with q revolutions before joining its ends, where p and q are relatively prime. A ...

A binomial coefficient (N; k) is said to be exceptional if lpf(N; k)>N/k. The following table gives the exception binomial coefficients which are also good binomial ...

Like the entire harmonic series, the harmonic series sum_(k=1)^infty1/(p_k)=infty (1) taken over all primes p_k also diverges, as first shown by Euler in 1737 (Nagell 1951, ...

Twin primes are pairs of primes of the form (p, p+2). The term "twin prime" was coined by Paul Stäckel (1862-1919; Tietze 1965, p. 19). The first few twin primes are n+/-1 ...

The elliptic curve factorization method, abbreviated ECM and sometimes also called the Lenstra elliptic curve method, is a factorization algorithm that computes a large ...

If p is a prime number and a is a natural number, then a^p=a (mod p). (1) Furthermore, if pa (p does not divide a), then there exists some smallest exponent d such that ...

A pseudoprime is a composite number that passes a test or sequence of tests that fail for most composite numbers. Unfortunately, some authors drop the "composite" ...

A general reciprocity theorem for all orders which covered all other known reciprocity theorems when proved by E. Artin in 1927. If R is a number field and R^' a finite ...