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An array of "trees" of unit height located at integer-coordinate points in a point lattice. When viewed from a corner along the line y=x in normal perspective, a quadrant of ...

A prime partition of a positive integer n>=2 is a set of primes p_i which sum to n. For example, there are three prime partitions of 7 since 7=7=2+5=2+2+3. The number of ...

Ramanujan's Dirichlet L-series is defined as f(s)=sum_(n=1)^infty(tau(n))/(n^s), (1) where tau(n) is the tau function. Note that the notation F(s) is sometimes used instead ...

Given a reference triangle DeltaABC and a point P, the triple (x,y,z), with x=PA, y=PB and z=PC representing the distances from P to the vertices of the reference triangle, ...

Let f(x) be a nonnegative and monotonic decreasing function in [a,b] and g(x) such that 0<=g(x)<=1 in [a,b], then int_(b-k)^bf(x)dx<=int_a^bf(x)g(x)dx<=int_a^(a+k)f(x)dx, ...

The representation, beloved of engineers and physicists, of a complex number in terms of a complex exponential x+iy=|z|e^(iphi), (1) where i (called j by engineers) is the ...

The beautiful arrangement of leaves in some plants, called phyllotaxis, obeys a number of subtle mathematical relationships. For instance, the florets in the head of a ...

An identity in calculus of variations discovered in 1868 by Beltrami. The Euler-Lagrange differential equation is (partialf)/(partialy)-d/(dx)((partialf)/(partialy_x))=0. (1) ...

In Euclidean space R^3, the curve that minimizes the distance between two points is clearly a straight line segment. This can be shown mathematically as follows using ...

A polygonal diagonal is a line segment connecting two nonadjacent polygon vertices of a polygon. The number of ways a fixed convex n-gon can be divided into triangles by ...