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A real-valued function g defined on a convex subset C subset R^n is said to be quasi-convex if for all real alpha in R, the set {x in C:g(x)<alpha} is convex. This is ...

A number D that possesses no common divisor with a prime number p is either a quadratic residue or nonresidue of p, depending whether D^((p-1)/2) is congruent mod p to +/-1.

An apodization function A(x)=1, (1) having instrument function I(k)=2asinc(2pika). (2) The peak of I(k) is 2a. The full width at half maximum of I(k) can found by setting ...

In his last letter to Hardy, Ramanujan defined 17 Jacobi theta function-like functions F(q) with |q|<1 which he called "mock theta functions" (Watson 1936ab, Ramanujan 1988, ...

Let p run over all distinct primitive ordered periodic geodesics, and let tau(p) denote the positive length of p, then the Selberg zeta function is defined as ...

The modular group Gamma is the set of all transformations w of the form w(t)=(at+b)/(ct+d), where a, b, c, and d are integers and ad-bc=1. A Gamma-modular function is then ...

Informally, a function f is a one-way function if 1. The description of f is publicly known and does not require any secret information for its operation. 2. Given x, it is ...

The quasiperiodic function defined by d/(dz)lnsigma(z;g_2,g_3)=zeta(z;g_2,g_3), (1) where zeta(z;g_2,g_3) is the Weierstrass zeta function and lim_(z->0)(sigma(z))/z=1. (2) ...

The Machin-like formula 1/4pi=cot^(-1)(2)+cot^(-1)(3). The other 2-term Machin-like formulas are Hermann's formula, hutton's formula, and Machin's formula.

Given F_1(x,y,z,u,v,w) = 0 (1) F_2(x,y,z,u,v,w) = 0 (2) F_3(x,y,z,u,v,w) = 0, (3) if the determinantof the Jacobian |JF(u,v,w)|=|(partial(F_1,F_2,F_3))/(partial(u,v,w))|!=0, ...