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For a quadrilateral which is not cyclic, Ptolemy's theorem becomes an inequality: AB×CD+BC×DA>AC×BD. The Ptolemy inequality is still valid when ABCD is a triangular pyramid ...

The Taniyama-Shimura conjecture, since its proof now sometimes known as the modularity theorem, is very general and important conjecture (and now theorem) connecting topology ...

The study of a finite group G using the local subgroups of G. Local group theory plays a critical role in the classification theorem of finite groups.

Let lambda_1, ..., lambda_n in C be linearly independent over the rationals Q, then Q(lambda_1,...,lambda_n,e^(lambda_1),...,e^(lambda_n)) has transcendence degree at least n ...

A sum which includes both the Jacobi triple product and the q-binomial theorem as special cases. Ramanujan's sum is ...

In nonstandard analysis, the transfer principle is the technical form of the following intuitive idea: "Anything provable about a given superstructure V by passing to a ...

An abnormal number is a hypothetical number which can be factored into primes in more than one way. Hardy and Wright (1979) prove the fundamental theorem of arithmetic by ...

A proof based on a dissection which shows the formula for the area of a plane figure or of the volume of a solid. Dozens of different dissection proofs are known for the ...

The radical lines of three circles are concurrent in a point known as the radical center (also called the power center). This theorem was originally demonstrated by Monge ...

The Hadwiger conjecture is a generalization of the four-color theorem which states that for any loopless graph G with h(G) the Hadwiger number and chi(G) the chromatic ...