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Let R be a ring, let A be a subring, and let B be an ideal of R. Then A+B={a+b:a in A,b in B} is a subring of R, A intersection B is an ideal of A and (A+B)/B=A/(A ...

Let R be a ring, and let I and J be ideals of R with I subset= J. Then J/I is an ideal of R/I and (R/I)/(J/I)=R/J.

The eight of Hilbert's axioms which concern collinearity and intersection; they include the first four of Euclid's postulates.

Let f(z) be an analytic function in |z-a|<R. Then f(z)=1/(2pi)int_0^(2pi)f(z+re^(itheta))dtheta for 0<r<R.

The compositeness test consisting of the application of Fermat's little theorem.

A loose term for a true statement which may be a postulate, theorem, etc.

Geometry which depends only on the first four of Euclid's postulates and not on the parallel postulate. Euclid himself used only the first four postulates for the first 28 ...

Any continuous function G:B^n->B^n has a fixed point, where B^n={x in R^n:x_1^2+...+x_n^2<=1} is the unit n-ball.

For any M, there exists a t^' such that the sequence n^2+t^', where n=1, 2, ... contains at least M primes.

Let f be a contraction mapping from a closed subset F of a Banach space E into F. Then there exists a unique z in F such that f(z)=z.