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In response to a letter from Goldbach, Euler considered sums of the form s_h(m,n) = sum_(k=1)^(infty)(1+1/2+...+1/k)^m(k+1)^(-n) (1) = ...

A graph G is Hamilton-connected if every two vertices of G are connected by a Hamiltonian path (Bondy and Murty 1976, p. 61). In other words, a graph is Hamilton-connected if ...

A Hamiltonian path, also called a Hamilton path, is a graph path between two vertices of a graph that visits each vertex exactly once. If a Hamiltonian path exists whose ...

A hash function H projects a value from a set with many (or even an infinite number of) members to a value from a set with a fixed number of (fewer) members. Hash functions ...

To predict the result of a measurement requires (1) a model of the system under investigation, and (2) a physical theory linking the parameters of the model to the parameters ...

The Mertens function is the summary function M(n)=sum_(k=1)^nmu(k), (1) where mu(n) is the Möbius function (Mertens 1897; Havil 2003, p. 208). The first few values are 1, 0, ...

A partition is a way of writing an integer n as a sum of positive integers where the order of the addends is not significant, possibly subject to one or more additional ...

A riffle shuffle, also called the Faro shuffle, is a shuffle in which a deck of 2n cards is divided into two halves. The top half of the deck is placed in the left hand, and ...

A square root of x is a number r such that r^2=x. When written in the form x^(1/2) or especially sqrt(x), the square root of x may also be called the radical or surd. The ...

There are two problems commonly known as the subset sum problem. The first ("given sum problem") is the problem of finding what subset of a list of integers has a given sum, ...