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The mode of a set of observations is the most commonly occurring value. For example, for a data set (3, 7, 3, 9, 9, 3, 5, 1, 8, 5) (left histogram), the unique mode is 3. ...

Model theory is a general theory of interpretations of axiomatic set theory. It is the branch of logic studying mathematical structures by considering first-order sentences ...

The group Gamma of all Möbius transformations of the form tau^'=(atau+b)/(ctau+d), (1) where a, b, c, and d are integers with ad-bc=1. The group can be represented by the 2×2 ...

The unique 8_3 configuration. It is transitive and self-dual, but cannot be realized in the real projective plane. Its Levi graph is the Möbius-Kantor graph.

Given an m×n matrix B, the Moore-Penrose generalized matrix inverse is a unique n×m matrix pseudoinverse B^+. This matrix was independently defined by Moore in 1920 and ...

In a set X equipped with a binary operation · called a product, the multiplicative identity is an element e such that e·x=x·e=x for all x in X. It can be, for example, the ...

Let A be a non-unital C^*-algebra. There is a unique (up to isomorphism) unital C^*-algebra which contains A as an essential ideal and is maximal in the sense that any other ...

A multivalued function, also known as a multiple-valued function (Knopp 1996, part 1 p. 103), is a "function" that assumes two or more distinct values in its range for at ...

Let C be an error-correcting code consisting of N codewords in which each codeword consists of n letters taken from an alphabet A of length q, and every two distinct ...

An outerplanar graph is a graph that can be embedded in the plane such that all vertices lie on the outer face. Outerplanar graphs are planar and, by their definition, ...