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The operation of taking an nth root of a number.

A matrix A for which A^(H)=A^(T)^_=A, where the conjugate transpose is denoted A^(H), A^(T) is the transpose, and z^_ is the complex conjugate. If a matrix is self-adjoint, ...

A semiring is a set together with two binary operators S(+,*) satisfying the following conditions: 1. Additive associativity: For all a,b,c in S, (a+b)+c=a+(b+c), 2. Additive ...

A shortest path between two vertices of a graph is a graph path of shortest possible length between them. Such paths are also known as graph geodesics, and the matrix giving ...

The 6-polyiamond illustrated above, named for its resemblance to the Great Sphinx of Egypt.

A spigot algorithm is an algorithm which generates digits of a quantity one at a time without using or requiring previously computed digits. Amazingly, spigot algorithms are ...

A subset X of R^n is star convex if there exists an x_0 in X such that the line segment from x_0 to any point in X is contained in X. A star-shaped figure is star convex but ...

A quantity displayed above the normal line of text (and generally in a smaller point size), as the "i" in x^i, is called a superscript. Superscripts are commonly used to ...

If the top and bottom bases of a solid are equal in area, lie in parallel planes, and every section of the solid parallel to the bases is equal in area to that of the base, ...

In the calculus of variations, the condition f_(y^')(x,y,y^'(x_-))=f_(y^')(x,y,y^'(x_+)) must hold at a corner (x,y) of a minimizing arc E_(12).