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Let B_k be the kth Bernoulli number and consider nB_(n-1)=-1 (mod n), where the residues of fractions are taken in the usual way so as to yield integers, for which the ...

If n>1 and n|1^(n-1)+2^(n-1)+...+(n-1)^(n-1)+1, is n necessarily a prime? In other words, defining s_n=sum_(k=1)^(n-1)k^(n-1), does there exist a composite n such that s_n=-1 ...

A number is said to be simply normal to base b if its base-b expansion has each digit appearing with average frequency tending to b^(-1). A normal number is an irrational ...

Let rho(x)dx be the fraction of time a typical dynamical map orbit spends in the interval [x,x+dx], and let rho(x) be normalized such that int_0^inftyrho(x)dx=1 over the ...

A rational amicable pair consists of two integers a and b for which the divisor functions are equal and are of the form sigma(a)=sigma(b)=(P(a,b))/(Q(a,b))=R(a,b), (1) where ...

An out-shuffle, also known as a perfect shuffle (Golomb 1961), is a riffle shuffle in which the top half of the deck is placed in the right hand, and cards are then ...

A riffle shuffle, also called the Faro shuffle, is a shuffle in which a deck of 2n cards is divided into two halves. The top half of the deck is placed in the left hand, and ...

The decimal expansion of a number is its representation in base-10 (i.e., in the decimal system). In this system, each "decimal place" consists of a digit 0-9 arranged such ...

The local clustering coefficient of a vertex v_i of a graph G is the fraction of pairs of neighbors of v_i that are connected over all pairs of neighbors of v_i. Computation ...

Let rho be a reciprocal difference. Then Thiele's interpolation formula is the continued fraction f(x)=f(x_1)+(x-x_1)/(rho(x_1,x_2)+)(x-x_2)/(rho_2(x_1,x_2,x_3)-f(x_1)+) ...