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The Montgomery-Odlyzko law (which is a law in the sense of empirical observation instead of through mathematical proof) states that the distribution of the spacing between ...

The prime counting function is the function pi(x) giving the number of primes less than or equal to a given number x (Shanks 1993, p. 15). For example, there are no primes ...

The tabulation of raw data obtained by dividing it into classes of some size and computing the number of data elements (or their fraction out of the total) falling within ...

By analogy with the sinc function, define the sinhc function by sinhc(z)={(sinhz)/z for z!=0; 1 for z=0. (1) Since sinhx/x is not a cardinal function, the "analogy" with the ...

An Artin L-function over the rationals Q encodes in a generating function information about how an irreducible monic polynomial over Z factors when reduced modulo each prime. ...

Let g:R->R be a function and let h>0, and define the cardinal series of g with respect to the interval h as the formal series sum_(k=-infty)^inftyg(kh)sinc((x-kh)/h), where ...

A quotient of two polynomials P(z) and Q(z), R(z)=(P(z))/(Q(z)), is called a rational function, or sometimes a rational polynomial function. More generally, if P and Q are ...

A function of one or more variables whose range is three-dimensional (or, in general, n-dimensional), as compared to a scalar function, whose range is one-dimensional. Vector ...

A fair coin is tossed an even 2n number of times. Let D=|H-T| be the absolute difference in the number of heads and tails obtained. Then the probability distribution is given ...

A number theoretic function is a function whose domain is the set of positive integers.