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There are two sorts of transforms known as the fractional Fourier transform. The linear fractional Fourier transform is a discrete Fourier transform in which the exponent is ...

A nonassociative algebra obeyed by objects such as the Lie bracket and Poisson bracket. Elements f, g, and h of a Lie algebra satisfy [f,f]=0 (1) [f+g,h]=[f,h]+[g,h], (2) and ...

A square which is magic under multiplication instead of addition (the operation used to define a conventional magic square) is called a multiplication magic square. Unlike ...

In the IEEE 754-2008 standard (referred to as IEEE 754 henceforth), NaN (or "not a number") is a symbolic floating-point representation which is neither a signed infinity nor ...

Informally, a function f is a one-way function if 1. The description of f is publicly known and does not require any secret information for its operation. 2. Given x, it is ...

A permutation group is a finite group G whose elements are permutations of a given set and whose group operation is composition of permutations in G. Permutation groups have ...

Presburger arithmetic is the first-order theory of the natural numbers containing addition but no multiplication. It is therefore not as powerful as Peano arithmetic. ...

A moment mu_n of a probability function P(x) taken about 0, mu_n^' = <x^n> (1) = intx^nP(x)dx. (2) The raw moments mu_n^' (sometimes also called "crude moments") can be ...

Reverse Polish notation (RPN) is a method for representing expressions in which the operator symbol is placed after the arguments being operated on. Polish notation, in which ...

The Seidel-Entringer-Arnold triangle is the number triangle consisting of the Entringer numbers E_(n,k) arranged in "ox-plowing" order, ...