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A two-dimensional binary (k=2) totalistic cellular automaton with a von Neumann neighborhood of range r=1. It has a birth rule that at least 2 of its 4 neighbors are alive, ...

A pentomino is a 5-polyomino. There are 12 free pentominoes, 18 one-sided pentominoes, and 63 fixed pentominoes. The twelve free pentominoes are known by the letters of the ...

Elementary methods consist of arithmetic, geometry, and high school algebra. These are the only tools that may be used in the branch of number theory known as elementary ...

An n×n matrix A is an elementary matrix if it differs from the n×n identity I_n by a single elementary row or column operation.

A proof which can be accomplished using only real numbers (i.e., real analysis instead of complex analysis; Hoffman 1998, pp. 92-93).

A function built up of a finite combination of constant functions, field operations (addition, multiplication, division, and root extractions--the elementary operations)--and ...

A number which can be specified implicitly or explicitly by exponential, logarithmic, and algebraic operations.

One of the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and integer (or rational) root extraction.

A p-elementary subgroup of a finite group G is a subgroup H which is the group direct product H=C_n×P, where P is a p-group, C_n is a cyclic group, and p does not divide n.

Elementary number theory is the branch of number theory in which elementary methods (i.e., arithmetic, geometry, and high school algebra) are used to solve equations with ...