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A group G is a finite or infinite set of elements together with a binary operation (called the group operation) that together satisfy the four fundamental properties of ...

An algebraic surface of order 3. Schläfli and Cayley classified the singular cubic surfaces. On the general cubic, there exists a curious geometrical structure called double ...

The likelihood of a simple graph is defined by starting with the set S_1={(K_11)}. The following procedure is then iterated to produce a set of graphs G_n of order n. At step ...

The Grötzsch graph is smallest triangle-free graph with chromatic number four. It is identical to the Mycielski graph of order four, and is implemented as ...

Q(n), also denoted q(n) (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 825), gives the number of ways of writing the integer n as a sum of positive integers without regard to order with the ...

A recurrence equation (also called a difference equation) is the discrete analog of a differential equation. A difference equation involves an integer function f(n) in a form ...

The smallest composite squarefree number (2·3), and the third triangular number (3(3+1)/2). It is the also smallest perfect number, since 6=1+2+3. The number 6 arises in ...

An alternating group is a group of even permutations on a set of length n, denoted A_n or Alt(n) (Scott 1987, p. 267). Alternating groups are therefore permutation groups. ...

The Barnes-Wall lattice is a d-dimensional lattice that exists when d is a power of 2. It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as LatticeData[{"BarnesWall", n}]. Special ...

The Bessel differential equation is the linear second-order ordinary differential equation given by x^2(d^2y)/(dx^2)+x(dy)/(dx)+(x^2-n^2)y=0. (1) Equivalently, dividing ...