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A species of structures is a rule F which 1. Produces, for each finite set U, a finite set F[U], 2. Produces, for each bijection sigma:U->V, a function F[sigma]:F[U]->F[V]. ...

A square-free graph is a graph containing no graph cycles of length four. A simple graph is square-free iff c_4=1/8[Tr(A^4)-2m-2sum_(i!=j)a_(ij)^((2))]=0, where A is the ...

The transcendence degree of Q(pi), sometimes called the transcendental degree, is one because it is generated by one extra element. In contrast, Q(pi,pi^2) (which is the same ...

A unit is an element in a ring that has a multiplicative inverse. If a is an algebraic integer which divides every algebraic integer in the field, a is called a unit in that ...

The unsorted union of a list S is a list containing the same elements as S but with the second and subsequent occurrence of any given element removed. For example, the ...

A second-order linear Hermitian operator is an operator L^~ that satisfies int_a^bv^_L^~udx=int_a^buL^~v^_dx. (1) where z^_ denotes a complex conjugate. As shown in ...

A curve which has at least multiplicity r_i-1 at each point where a given curve (having only ordinary singular points and cusps) has a multiplicity r_i is called the adjoint ...

The nth order Bernstein expansion of a function f(x) in terms of a variable x is given by B_n(f,x)=sum_(j=0)^n(n; j)x^j(1-x)^(n-j)f(j/n), (1) (Gzyl and Palacios 1997, Mathé ...

Let f be a bounded analytic function on D(0,1) vanishing to order m>=0 at 0 and let {a_j} be its other zeros, listed with multiplicities. Then ...

The envelope of the lines connecting corresponding points on the Jacobian curve and Steinerian curve. The Cayleyian curve of a net of curves of order n has the same curve ...