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The Paley graph of order q with q a prime power is a graph on q nodes with two nodes adjacent if their difference is a square in the finite field GF(q). This graph is ...

Given a matrix A, its QR-decomposition is a matrix decomposition of the form A=QR, where R is an upper triangular matrix and Q is an orthogonal matrix, i.e., one satisfying ...

An algebraic surface with affine equation P_d(x_1,x_2)+T_d(x_3)=0, (1) where T_d(x) is a Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind and P_d(x_1,x_2) is a polynomial defined by ...

The term "characteristic" has many different uses in mathematics. In general, it refers to some property that inherently describes a given mathematical object, for example ...

Roughly speaking, the metric tensor g_(ij) is a function which tells how to compute the distance between any two points in a given space. Its components can be viewed as ...

The Spencer-Brown form is a simple mathematical concept that formalizes what a mathematical object is formally identical to what it is not (Spencer-Brown 1997, pp. ix and ...

Relaxation methods are methods of solving partial differential equations that involve splitting the sparse matrix that arises from finite differencing then iterating until a ...

A hyper-Kähler manifold can be defined as a Riemannian manifold of dimension 4n with three covariantly constant orthogonal automorphisms I, J, K of the tangent bundle which ...

The Fredholm integral equation of the second kind f(x)=1+1/piint_(-1)^1(f(t))/((x-t)^2+1)dt that arises in electrostatics (Love 1949, Fox and Goodwin 1953, and Abbott 2002).

An expression is called "well-defined" (or "unambiguous") if its definition assigns it a unique interpretation or value. Otherwise, the expression is said to not be ...