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Gossiping and broadcasting are two problems of information dissemination described for a group of individuals connected by a communication network. In gossiping, every person ...

Let the sum of the squares of the digits of a positive integer s_0 be represented by s_1. In a similar way, let the sum of the squares of the digits of s_1 be represented by ...

An International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a code used to uniquely identify a book together. It also uniquely encodes the book's publisher and includes information about ...

Legendre-Gauss quadrature is a numerical integration method also called "the" Gaussian quadrature or Legendre quadrature. A Gaussian quadrature over the interval [-1,1] with ...

Rule 102 is one of the elementary cellular automaton rules introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983 (Wolfram 1983, 2002). It specifies the next color in a cell, depending on its ...

Rule 90 is one of the elementary cellular automaton rules introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983 (Wolfram 1983, 2002). It specifies the next color in a cell, depending on its ...

A test used to determine the statistical significance of an observation. Two main types of error can occur: 1. A type I error occurs when a false negative result is obtained ...

There are several commonly used methods of defining the slippery, but extremely important, concept of a continuous function (which, depending on context, may also be called a ...

The Fibonacci numbers are the sequence of numbers {F_n}_(n=1)^infty defined by the linear recurrence equation F_n=F_(n-1)+F_(n-2) (1) with F_1=F_2=1. As a result of the ...

The Klein bottle is a closed nonorientable surface of Euler characteristic 0 (Dodson and Parker 1997, p. 125) that has no inside or outside, originally described by Felix ...