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There are three flavors of Hough transform. The first (original) was used to detect straight lines in bubble chamber images. The technique parameterizes pattern space, then ...

A root-finding algorithm based on the iteration formula x_(n+1)=x_n-(f(x_n))/(f^'(x_n)){1+(f(x_n)f^('')(x_n))/(2[f^'(x_n)]^2)}. This method, like Newton's method, has poor ...

The lituus is an Archimedean spiral with n=-2, having polar equation r^2theta=a^2. (1) Lituus means a "crook," in the sense of a bishop's crosier. The lituus curve originated ...

A graph Gamma is locally Petersen if, for each point t of Gamma, the graph induced by Gamma on all points adjacent to t (i.e., the neighborhood graph) is isomorphic to the ...

The term "loop" has a number of meanings in mathematics. Most simply, a loop is a closed curve whose initial and final points coincide in a fixed point p known as the ...

Given n matches (i.e., rigid unit line segments), find the number of topologically distinct planar arrangements which can be made (Gardner 1991). In this problem, two matches ...

An algorithm for finding roots which retains that prior estimate for which the function value has opposite sign from the function value at the current best estimate of the ...

In French and German usage, one milliard equals 10^9=1000000000. American usage does not have a number called the milliard, instead using the term billion to denote 10^9. ...

A noble number nu is defined as an irrational number having a continued fraction that becomes an infinite sequence of 1s at some point, nu=[0,a_1,a_2,...,a_n,1^_]. The ...

An auxiliary latitude also called the reduced latitude and denoted eta or theta. It gives the latitude on a sphere of radius a for which the parallel has the same radius as ...