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A method of solving combinatorial problems by means of an algorithm which is allowed to run forward until a dead end is reached, at which point previous steps are retraced ...

Let j_k(alpha) denote the number of cycles of length k for a permutation alpha expressed as a product of disjoint cycles. The cycle index Z(X) of a permutation group X of ...

In continuum theory, a dendrite is a locally connected continuum that contains no simple closed curve. A semicircle is therefore a dendrite, while a triangle is not. The term ...

The term discrete percolation is used to describe models of percolation theory whose media are discrete sets like sets of regular lattice points (e.g., bond percolation and ...

The disk model is the standard Boolean-Poisson model in two-dimensional continuum percolation theory. In particular, the disk model is characterized by the existence of a ...

A stationary point process X is said to drive a model of continuum percolation theory if one of the characterizing axioms of the model hinges on the existence of X. In this ...

The gyroelongated pentagonal pyramid is Johnson solid J_(11) and can be obtained by cumulating the top of a pentagonal antiprism, or alternately by replacing one pentagonal ...

A hole in a mathematical object is a topological structure which prevents the object from being continuously shrunk to a point. When dealing with topological spaces, a ...

In determinant expansion by minors, the minimal number of transpositions of adjacent columns in a square matrix needed to turn the matrix representing a permutation of ...

The term "isomorphic" means "having the same form" and is used in many branches of mathematics to identify mathematical objects which have the same structural properties. ...