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In elementary geometry, orthogonal is the same as perpendicular. Two lines or curves are orthogonal if they are perpendicular at their point of intersection. Two vectors v ...

The orthogonal decomposition of a vector y in R^n is the sum of a vector in a subspace W of R^n and a vector in the orthogonal complement W^_|_ to W. The orthogonal ...

A skew polygon such that every two consecutive sides (but no three) belong to a face of a regular polyhedron. Every regular polyhedron can be orthogonally projected onto a ...

The principal theorem of axonometry, first published without proof by Pohlke in 1860. It states that three segments of arbitrary length a^'x^', a^'y^', and a^'z^' which are ...

Given a plane ax+by+cz+d=0 (1) and a point x_0=(x_0,y_0,z_0), the normal vector to the plane is given by v=[a; b; c], (2) and a vector from the plane to the point is given by ...

A map defined by one or more polynomials. Given a field K, a polynomial map is a map f:K^n->K^m such that for all points (x_1,...,x_n) in K^n, ...

A pseudoinverse is a matrix inverse-like object that may be defined for a complex matrix, even if it is not necessarily square. For any given complex matrix, it is possible ...

A crossing in a knot diagram for which there exists a circle in the projection plane meeting the diagram transversely at that crossing, but not meeting the diagram at any ...

The regular skew icosahedron is a six-dimensional regular polytope that is just as symmetric as the Platonic icosahedron, but having different angles (Coxeter 1950; Coxeter ...

Given a circular table of diameter 9 feet, which is the minimal number of planks (each 1 foot wide and length greater than 9 feet) needed in order to completely cover the ...