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The ruliad may be defined as the entangled limit of everything that is computationally possible, i.e., the result of following all possible computational rules in all ...

The constant s_0 in Schnirelmann's theorem such that every integer >1 is a sum of at most s_0 primes. Of course, by Vinogradov's theorem, it is known that 4 primes suffice ...

A problem also known as the points problem or unfinished game. Consider a tournament involving k players playing the same game repetitively. Each game has a single winner, ...

A simple continued fraction is a special case of a generalized continued fraction for which the partial numerators are equal to unity, i.e., a_n=1 for all n=1, 2, .... A ...

A simplex, sometimes called a hypertetrahedron (Buekenhout and Parker 1998), is the generalization of a tetrahedral region of space to n dimensions. The boundary of a ...

The space groups in two dimensions are called wallpaper groups. In three dimensions, the space groups are the symmetry groups possible in a crystal lattice with the ...

The square torus is the quotient of the plane by the integer lattice.

A state diagram is a labeled directed graph together with state information that can be used to indicate that certain paths on in a system may be traversed only in a certain ...

The Stieltjes integral is a generalization of the Riemann integral. Let f(x) and alpha(x) be real-valued bounded functions defined on a closed interval [a,b]. Take a ...

Stochastic is synonymous with "random." The word is of Greek origin and means "pertaining to chance" (Parzen 1962, p. 7). It is used to indicate that a particular subject is ...