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Let a straight line AB be divided internally at C and externally at D in the same ratio, so that (AC)/(CB)=-(AD)/(DB). Then AB is said to be divided harmonically at C and D ...

A nonassociative algebra named after physicist Pascual Jordan which satisfies xy=yx (1) and (xx)(xy)=x((xx)y)). (2) The latter is equivalent to the so-called Jordan identity ...

The German mathematician Kronecker proved that all the Galois extensions of the rationals Q with Abelian Galois groups are subfields of cyclotomic fields Q(mu_n), where mu_n ...

For n>=1, let u and v be integers with u>v>0 such that the Euclidean algorithm applied to u and v requires exactly n division steps and such that u is as small as possible ...

In many computer languages (such as FORTRAN or the Wolfram Language), the common residue of b (mod m) is written mod(b, m) (FORTRAN) or Mod[b, m] (Wolfram Language). The ...

A polynomial is a mathematical expression involving a sum of powers in one or more variables multiplied by coefficients. A polynomial in one variable (i.e., a univariate ...

An algorithm is said to be solvable in polynomial time if the number of steps required to complete the algorithm for a given input is O(n^k) for some nonnegative integer k, ...

Consider the expression 3×7+2^2. This expression has value (3×7)+(2^2)=25 due to what is called operator precedence (or "order of operations"). Precedence of common operators ...

A subfield which is strictly smaller than the field in which it is contained. The field of rationals Q is a proper subfield of the field of real numbers R which, in turn, is ...

The quadratrix was discovered by Hippias of Elias in 430 BC, and later studied by Dinostratus in 350 BC (MacTutor Archive). It can be used for angle trisection or, more ...