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A topological basis is a subset B of a set T in which all other open sets can be written as unions or finite intersections of B. For the real numbers, the set of all open ...

The torus grid graph T_(m,n) is the graph formed from the graph Cartesian product C_m square C_n of the cycle graphs C_m and C_n. C_m square C_n is isomorphic to C_n square ...

The summatory function Phi(n) of the totient function phi(n) is defined by Phi(n) = sum_(k=1)^(n)phi(k) (1) = sum_(m=1)^(n)msum_(d|m)(mu(d))/d (2) = ...

The triangle space T is the set of triples (a,b,c) of real numbers that are side lengths of a (Euclidean) triangle, i.e., T={(a,b,c):0<a<b+c,0<b<c+a,0<c<a+b} (Kimberling ...

The triangular inequalities are the inequalities |x-y|<=z<=x+y for real numbers (x,y,z) (Messiah 1962, p. 1056). If these inequalities hold for any one permutation of ...

Trigonometric functions of pi/p for p prime have an especially complicated Galois-minimal representation. In particular, the case cos(pi/23) requires approximately 500 MB of ...

A generalization of spun knots due to Zeeman. This method produces four-dimensional knot types that cannot be produced by ordinary spinning.

Variables x_i and x_j are said to be uncorrelated if their covariance is zero: cov(x_i,x_j)=0. Independent statistics are always uncorrelated, but the converse is not ...

An expression in mathematics which does not have meaning and so which is not assigned an interpretation. For example, division by zero is undefined in the field of real ...

A graph in which individual nodes have no distinct identifications except through their interconnectivity. Graphs in which labels (which are most commonly numbers) are ...