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A topological space, also called an abstract topological space, is a set X together with a collection of open subsets T that satisfies the four conditions: 1. The empty set ...

Let the greatest term H of a sequence be a term which is greater than all but a finite number of the terms which are equal to H. Then H is called the upper limit of the ...

Given a succession of nonsingular points which are on a nonhyperelliptic curve of curve genus p, but are not a group of the canonical series, the number of groups of the ...

A tree to whose nodes and/or edges labels (usually number) are assigned. The word "weight" also has a more specific meaning when applied to trees, namely the weight of a tree ...

When p is a prime number, then a p-group is a group, all of whose elements have order some power of p. For a finite group, the equivalent definition is that the number of ...

A link which has a link diagram with alternating underpasses and overpasses. The proportion of links which are alternating tends exponentially to zero with increasing ...

Baud rate is a measure of the number of times per second a signal in a communications channel changes state. The state is usually voltage level, frequency, or phase angle.

A finite or infinite square matrix with rational entries. (If the matrix is infinite, all but a finite number of entries in each row must be 0.) The sum or product of two ...

A numerical knot invariant. For a tame knot K, the bridge index is the least bridge number of all planar representations of the knot. The bridge index of the unknot is ...

The chromatic number of a graph is at most the maximum vertex degree Delta, unless the graph is complete or an odd cycle, in which case Delta+1 colors are required.