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In toroidal coordinates, Laplace's equation becomes (1) Attempt separation of variables by plugging in the trial solution f(u,v,phi)=sqrt(coshu-cosv)U(u)V(v)Psi(psi), (2) ...

Long division is an algorithm for dividing two numbers, obtaining the quotient one digit at a time. The example above shows how the division of 123456/17 is performed to ...

Consider n intersecting circles. The maximal number of regions into which these divide the plane are N(n)=n^2-n+2, giving values for n=1, 2, ... of 2, 4, 8, 14, 22, 32, 44, ...

A polygonal diagonal is a line segment connecting two nonadjacent polygon vertices of a polygon. The number of ways a fixed convex n-gon can be divided into triangles by ...

The highest order power in a univariate polynomial is known as its order (or, more properly, its polynomial degree). For example, the polynomial ...

A nonzero and noninvertible element a of a ring R which generates a prime ideal. It can also be characterized by the condition that whenever a divides a product in R, a ...

Given an integer sequence {a_n}_(n=1)^infty, a prime number p is said to be a primitive prime factor of the term a_n if p divides a_n but does not divide any a_m for m<n. It ...

The so-called rule of three is an educational tool utilized historically to verbalize the process of solving basic linear equations with four terms where three of the terms ...

Also called "Ethiopian multiplication." To multiply two numbers a and b, write a_0=a and b_0=b in two columns. Under a_0, write |_a_0/2_|, where |_x_| is the floor function, ...

A siteswap is a sequence encountered in juggling in which each term is a positive integer, encoded in binary. The transition rule from one term to the next consists of ...