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A graph is a forbidden topological minor (also known as a forbidden homeomorphic subgraph) if its presence as a homeomorphic subgraph of a given graph (i.e., there is an ...

The vertex set of a graph is simply a set of all vertices of the graph. The cardinality of the vertex set for a given graph g is known as the vertex count of g. The vertex ...

The algebraic connectivity of a graph is the numerically second smallest eigenvalue (counting multiple eigenvalues separately) of the Laplacian matrix of a graph G. In other ...

Goldberg polyhedra are convex polyhedra first described by Goldberg (1937) and classified in more detail by Hart (2013) for which each face is a regular pentagon or regular ...

Let u_(p) be a unit tangent vector of a regular surface M subset R^3. Then the normal curvature of M in the direction u_(p) is kappa(u_(p))=S(u_(p))·u_(p), (1) where S is the ...

A polygonal diagonal is a line segment connecting two nonadjacent polygon vertices of a polygon. The number of ways a fixed convex n-gon can be divided into triangles by ...

A number of attractive tetrahedron 6-compounds can be constructed. The first compound (left figures) is obtained by combining three stella octangula. A second can be obtained ...

In discrete percolation theory, site percolation is a percolation model on a regular point lattice L=L^d in d-dimensional Euclidean space which considers the lattice vertices ...

A graph or directed graph together with a function which assigns a positive real number to each edge (Harary 1994, p. 52).

The Randić energy of a graph is defined as the graph energy of its Randić matrix, i.e., the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its Randić matrix.