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The term "Cartesian" is used to refer to anything that derives from René Descartes' conception of geometry (1637), which is based on the representation of points in the plane ...

The center of any sphere which has a contact of (at least) first-order with a curve C at a point P lies in the normal plane to C at P. The center of any sphere which has a ...

An entire Cremona transformation is a birational transformation of the plane. Cremona transformations are maps of the form x_(i+1) = f(x_i,y_i) (1) y_(i+1) = g(x_i,y_i), (2) ...

Given a convex plane region with area A and perimeter p, A-1/2p<N<=A+1/2p+1, where N is the number of enclosed lattice points (Nosarzewska 1948). This improves on Jarnick's ...

The real axis is the line in the complex plane corresponding to zero imaginary part, I[z]=0. Every real number corresponds to a unique point on the real axis.

The term "twisted sphere" is used to mean either a projective plane (Henle 1994, p. 110) or the corkscrew surface obtained by extending a sphere along a diameter and then ...

An affine geometry is a geometry in which properties are preserved by parallel projection from one plane to another. In an affine geometry, the third and fourth of Euclid's ...

Two triangles are said to be poristic triangles if they share the same incircle and circumcircle. More specifically, in the plane of a reference triangle, a triangle is said ...

The torus grid graph T_(m,n) is the graph formed from the graph Cartesian product C_m square C_n of the cycle graphs C_m and C_n. C_m square C_n is isomorphic to C_n square ...

If a, b, c, and d are points in the extended complex plane C^*, their cross ratio, also called the cross-ratio (Courant and Robbins 1996, p. 172; Durell 1928, p. 73), ...