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The term discrete percolation is used to describe models of percolation theory whose media are discrete sets like sets of regular lattice points (e.g., bond percolation and ...

A double integral is a two-fold multiple integral. Examples of definite double integrals evaluating to simple constants include int_0^1int_0^1(dxdy)/(1-x^2y^2) = 1/8pi^2 (1) ...

A stationary point process X is said to drive a model of continuum percolation theory if one of the characterizing axioms of the model hinges on the existence of X. In this ...

A group is called a free group if no relation exists between its group generators other than the relationship between an element and its inverse required as one of the ...

The Frobenius norm, sometimes also called the Euclidean norm (a term unfortunately also used for the vector L^2-norm), is matrix norm of an m×n matrix A defined as the square ...

Finch (2010) gives an overview of known results for random Gaussian triangles. Let the vertices of a triangle in n dimensions be normal (normal) variates. The probability ...

Nice approximations for the golden ratio phi are given by phi approx sqrt((5pi)/6) (1) approx (7pi)/(5e), (2) the last of which is due to W. van Doorn (pers. comm., Jul. 18, ...

The harmonic conjugate to a given function u(x,y) is a function v(x,y) such that f(x,y)=u(x,y)+iv(x,y) is complex differentiable (i.e., satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann ...

A partial differential diffusion equation of the form (partialU)/(partialt)=kappadel ^2U. (1) Physically, the equation commonly arises in situations where kappa is the ...

The scale factors are h_u=h_v=sqrt(u^2+v^2), h_theta=uv and the separation functions are f_1(u)=u, f_2(v)=v, f_3(theta)=1, given a Stäckel determinant of S=u^2+v^2. The ...