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The term "product" refers to the result of one or more multiplications. For example, the mathematical statement a×b=c would be read "a times b equals c," where a is called ...

Let (X,A,mu) and (Y,B,nu) be measure spaces, let R be the collection of all measurable rectangles contained in X×Y, and let lambda be the premeasure defined on R by ...

Given n metric spaces X_1,X_2,...,X_n, with metrics g_1,g_2,...,g_n respectively, the product metric g_1×g_2×...×g_n is a metric on the Cartesian product X_1×X_2×...×X_n ...

A property that is always fulfilled by the product of topological spaces, if it is fulfilled by each single factor. Examples of productive properties are connectedness, and ...

A projection is the transformation of points and lines in one plane onto another plane by connecting corresponding points on the two planes with parallel lines. This can be ...

The path traced out by a fixed point at a radius b>a, where a is the radius of a rolling circle, also sometimes called an extended cycloid. The prolate cycloid contains ...

Proof theory, also called metamathematics, is the study of mathematics and mathematical reasoning (Hofstadter 1989) in a general and abstract sense itself. Instead of ...

A proof by contradiction establishes the truth of a given proposition by the supposition that it is false and the subsequent drawing of a conclusion that is contradictory to ...

A positive proper divisor is a positive divisor of a number n, excluding n itself. For example, 1, 2, and 3 are positive proper divisors of 6, but 6 itself is not. The number ...

Any ideal of a ring which is strictly smaller than the whole ring. For example, 2Z is a proper ideal of the ring of integers Z, since 1 not in 2Z. The ideal <X> of the ...