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A mixed graph in which both directed and undirected edges may exist. If only directed edges exist, the graph is called a directed graph. If only undirected edges exist, it is ...

Given a complete graph K_n which is two-colored, the number of forced monochromatic triangles is at least {1/3u(u-1)(u-2) for n=2u; 2/3u(u-1)(4u+1) for n=4u+1; ...

The unique 1-polyomino, consisting of a single square.

Polynomials s_k(x) which form the Sheffer sequence for f(t)=-(2t)/(1-t^2) (1) and have exponential generating function ...

A projective plane in which every line is a translation line is called a Moufang plane.

A problem is NP-hard if an algorithm for solving it can be translated into one for solving any NP-problem (nondeterministic polynomial time) problem. NP-hard therefore means ...

The Narayana triangle is the number triangle obtained from the Narayana numbers N(n,k), namely 1 ; 1 1 ; 1 3 1 ; 1 6 6 1 ; 1 10 20 10 1 ; 1 15 50 50 15 1 (OEIS A001263).

The unit of information obtained by using the natural logarithm lnx instead of the base-2 logarithm log_2x=lgx when defining entropy and related information theoretic ...

A near-perfect matching is a matching in which a single vertex is left unmatched. Just as perfect matchings can occur only for graphs with an even number of vertices, ...

Four bits or half a byte, also sometimes spelled "nybble." Since a nibble encodes values from 0 to 2^4-1=15, it can conveniently be represented using a single hexadecimal ...