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The (upper) vertex independence number of a graph, often called simply "the" independence number, is the cardinality of the largest independent vertex set, i.e., the size of ...

The set of all nonsingular affine transformations of a translation in space constitutes a group known as the affine group. The affine group contains the full linear group and ...

Let P be the set of primes, and let Q_p and Z_p(t) be the fields of p-adic numbers and formal power series over Z_p=(0,1,...,p-1). Further, suppose that D is a "nonprincipal ...

The conjecture proposed by Catalan in 1888 and extended by E. Dickson that each aliquot sequence ends in a prime, a perfect number, or a set of sociable numbers. The ...

A Cevian point P is point with respect to which a set of Cevians of a triangle are taken. Connecting the endpoints of the Cevians through a point P gives the so-called Cevian ...

Consider a set of points X_i on an attractor, then the correlation integral is C(l)=lim_(N->infty)1/(N^2)f, where f is the number of pairs (i,j) whose distance |X_i-X_j|<l. ...

If X is a normed linear space, then the set of continuous linear functionals on X is called the dual (or conjugate) space of X. When equipped with the norm ...

If A is an n×n square matrix and lambda is an eigenvalue of A, then the union of the zero vector 0 and the set of all eigenvectors corresponding to eigenvalues lambda is ...

A global maximum, also known as an absolute maximum, the largest overall value of a set, function, etc., over its entire range. It is impossible to construct an algorithm ...

A global minimum, also known as an absolute minimum, is the smallest overall value of a set, function, etc., over its entire range. It is impossible to construct an algorithm ...