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Also known as metric entropy. Divide phase space into D-dimensional hypercubes of content epsilon^D. Let P_(i_0,...,i_n) be the probability that a trajectory is in hypercube ...

Let alpha(x) be a step function with the jump j(x)=(N; x)p^xq^(N-x) (1) at x=0, 1, ..., N, where p>0,q>0, and p+q=1. Then the Krawtchouk polynomial is defined by ...

The simplest interpretation of the Kronecker delta is as the discrete version of the delta function defined by delta_(ij)={0 for i!=j; 1 for i=j. (1) The Kronecker delta is ...

The Legendre transform of a sequence {c_k} is the sequence {a_k} with terms given by a_n = sum_(k=0)^(n)(n; k)(n+k; k)c_k (1) = sum_(k=0)^(n)(2k; k)(n+k; n-k)c_k, (2) where ...

A Lie group is a group with the structure of a manifold. Therefore, discrete groups do not count. However, the most useful Lie groups are defined as subgroups of some matrix ...

Consider a collection of diagonal matrices H_1,...,H_k, which span a subspace h. Then the ith eigenvalue, i.e., the ith entry along the diagonal, is a linear functional on h, ...

A linear extension of a partially ordered set P is a permutation of the elements p_1, p_2, ... of P such that p_i<p_j implies i<j. For example, the linear extensions of the ...

A field which is complete with respect to a discrete valuation is called a local field if its field of residue classes is finite. The Hasse principle is one of the chief ...

The logarithmic capacity of a compact set E in the complex plane is given by gamma(E)=e^(-V(E)), (1) where V(E)=inf_(nu)int_(E×E)ln1/(|u-v|)dnu(u)dnu(v), (2) and nu runs over ...

The longest increasing scattered subsequence is the longest subsequence of increasing terms, where intervening nonincreasing terms may be dropped. Finding the largest ...