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The term negative likelihood ratio is also used (especially in medicine) to test nonnested complementary hypotheses as follows, NLR = ([false negative rate])/([true negative ...

Let S be the set of all possibilities that satisfy hypothesis H, and let S^' be the set of all possibilities that satisfy hypothesis H^'. Then H^' is a nested hypothesis ...

If there exists a critical region C of size alpha and a nonnegative constant k such that (product_(i=1)^(n)f(x_i|theta_1))/(product_(i=1)^(n)f(x_i|theta_0))>=k for points in ...

Four bits or half a byte, also sometimes spelled "nybble." Since a nibble encodes values from 0 to 2^4-1=15, it can conveniently be represented using a single hexadecimal ...

Given a matrix equation Ax=b, the normal equation is that which minimizes the sum of the square differences between the left and right sides: A^(T)Ax=A^(T)b. It is called a ...

Given a convex plane region with area A and perimeter p, A-1/2p<N<=A+1/2p+1, where N is the number of enclosed lattice points (Nosarzewska 1948). This improves on Jarnick's ...

Place 2n balls in a bag and number them 1 to 2n, then pick half of them at random. The number of different possible sums for n=1, 2, 3, ... are then 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, ... ...

Numerical stability refers to how a malformed input affects the execution of an algorithm. In a numerically stable algorithm, errors in the input lessen in significance as ...

An octomino is an 8-polyomino. There are 369 free (illustrated above), 704 one-sided, and 2725 fixed octominoes.

An odd chordless cycle is a chordless cycle of length >4. A graph is said to be perfect iff neither the graph G nor its graph complement G^_ has an odd chordless cycle. A ...