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A strong inequality in which a is not only less than b, but much less (by some convention) is denoted a<<b.

If one event can occur in m ways and a second can occur independently of the first in n ways, then the two events can occur in mn ways.

A mathematical object S is said to be multiplicatively closed if a,b in S implies that ab in S.

n events are said to be mutually exclusive if the occurrence of any one of them precludes any of the others. Therefore, for events X_1, ..., X_n, the conditional probability ...

The Greek word for 10000.

A 10000-sided polygon.

One of the two pieces of a double cone (i.e., two cones placed apex to apex).

An unknot which can only be unknotted by first increasing the number of crossings.

mu_i(epsilon), sometimes denoted P_i(epsilon), is the probability that element i is populated, normalized such that sum_(i=1)^Nmu_i(epsilon)=1.

In the technical combinatorial sense, an a-ary necklace of length n is a string of n characters, each of a possible types. Rotation is ignored, in the sense that b_1b_2...b_n ...