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Let (a)_i be a sequence of complex numbers and let the lower triangular matrices F=(f)_(nk) and G=(g)_(nk) be defined as f_(nk)=(product_(j=k)^(n-1)(a_j+k))/((n-k)!) and ...

A graceful permutation sigma on n letters is a permutation such that {|sigma(i)-sigma(i+1)|:i=1,2,...,n-1}={1,2,...,n-1}. For example, there are four graceful permutations on ...

The coarseness xi(G) of a graph G is the maximum number of edge-disjoint nonplanar subgraphs contained in a given graph G. The coarseness of a planar graph G is therefore ...

The distance d(u,v) between two vertices u and v of a finite graph is the minimum length of the paths connecting them (i.e., the length of a graph geodesic). If no such path ...

The energy of a graph is defined as the sum of the absolute values of its graph eigenvalues (i.e., the sum of its graph spectrum terms). Other varieties of graph energy are ...

The graph product denoted G-H and defined by the adjacency relations (gadjg^') or (g=g^' and hadjh^'). The graph lexicographic product is also known as the graph composition ...

The graph neighborhood of a vertex v in a graph is the set of all the vertices adjacent to v including v itself. More generally, the ith neighborhood of v is the set of all ...

Graph smoothing, also known as smoothing away or smoothing out, is the process of replacing edges e^'=v_iv_j and e^('')=v_jv_k incident at a vertex v_j of vertex degree 2 by ...

An edge subdivision is the insertion of a new vertex v_j in the middle of an exiting edge e=v_iv_k accompanied by the joining of the original edge endpoints with the new ...

Suppose that G is a pseudograph, E is the edge set of G, and C is the family of edge sets of graph cycles of G. Then C obeys the axioms for the circuits of a matroid, and ...