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A curve on a surface whose tangents are always in the direction of principal curvature. The equation of the lines of curvature can be written |g_(11) g_(12) g_(22); b_(11) ...

A Lyndon word is an aperiodic notation for representing a necklace.

An algebra which does not satisfy a(bc)=(ab)c is called a nonassociative algebra.

The normalized vector of X is a vector in the same direction but with norm (length) 1. It is denoted X^^ and given by X^^=(X)/(|X|), where |X| is the norm of X. It is also ...

A plane coordinate system whose axes are not perpendicular. The x-coordinate of a point P is the abscissa of its projection onto the x-axis in the direction of the y-axis, ...

A tree is planted at each lattice point in a circular orchard which has center at the origin and radius r. If the radius of trees exceeds 1/r units, one is unable to see out ...

The ordinary differential equation

A papal cross is a cross having three crossbars. A schematic polyomino version of a papal cross is illustrated above.

A 15-sided polygon, sometimes also called the pentakaidecagon. For a regular pentadecagon with side length 1, the inradius r, circumradius R, and area A are r = ...

Scalar multiplication refers to the multiplication of a vector by a constant s, producing a vector in the same (for s>0) or opposite (for s<0) direction but of different ...