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A prime factorization algorithm.

A compositeness certificate is a piece of information which guarantees that a given number p is composite. Possible certificates consist of a factor of a number (which, in ...

A Hajós group is a group for which all factorizations of the form (say) Z_n=A direct sum B have A or B periodic, where the period is a divisor of n. Hajós groups arose after ...

A search algorithm of a tree that explores the first child of a node before visiting its siblings. Tarjan (1972) and Hopcroft and Tarjan (1973) showed that depth-first search ...

A method of stochastic optimization including techniques such as gradient search or Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation.

Transparallel processing refers to this search for regularities in O(2^N) strings as if only one string of length N were concerned (as is possible if the strings form a ...

A projective module generalizes the concept of the free module. A module M over a nonzero unit ring R is projective iff it is a direct summand of a free module, i.e., of some ...

The Hungarian algorithm finds a maximum independent edge set on a graph. The algorithm starts with any matching M and constructs a tree via a breadth-first search to find an ...

A Smarandache prime is a prime Smarandache number, i.e., a prime number of the form 1234...n. Surprisingly, no Smarandache primes are known as of Nov. 2015. Upper limits on ...

The differential forms on C^n decompose into forms of type (p,q), sometimes called (p,q)-forms. For example, on C, the exterior algebra decomposes into four types: ^ C = ^ ^0 ...