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A curve which may pass through any region of three-dimensional space, as contrasted to a plane curve which must lie in a single plane. Von Staudt (1847) classified space ...

A spherical ring is a sphere with a cylindrical hole cut so that the centers of the cylinder and sphere coincide, also called a napkin ring. Let the sphere have radius R and ...

There are two incompatible definitions of the squircle. The first defines the squircle as the quartic plane curve which is special case of the superellipse with a=b and r=4, ...

The Stammler circles are the three circles (apart from the circumcircle), that intercept the sidelines of a reference triangle DeltaABC in chords of lengths equal to the ...

The Steiner inellipse, also called the midpoint ellipse (Chakerian 1979), is an inellipse with inconic parameters x:y:z=a:b:c (1) giving equation ...

Let C be a curve, let O be a fixed point (the pole), and let O^' be a second fixed point. Let P and P^' be points on a line through O meeting C at Q such that P^'Q=QP=QO^'. ...

A symmetric matrix is a square matrix that satisfies A^(T)=A, (1) where A^(T) denotes the transpose, so a_(ij)=a_(ji). This also implies A^(-1)A^(T)=I, (2) where I is the ...

An intrinsic property of a mathematical object which causes it to remain invariant under certain classes of transformations (such as rotation, reflection, inversion, or more ...

Ramanujan's Dirichlet L-series is defined as f(s)=sum_(n=1)^infty(tau(n))/(n^s), (1) where tau(n) is the tau function. Note that the notation F(s) is sometimes used instead ...

The thin plate spline is the two-dimensional analog of the cubic spline in one dimension. It is the fundamental solution to the biharmonic equation, and has the form ...