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One of the three standard tori given by the parametric equations x = (c+acosv)cosu (1) y = (c+acosv)sinu (2) z = asinv (3) with c<a. The exterior surface is called an apple ...

As shown by Schnirelman (1944), a square can be inscribed in any closed convex curve, although it is not known if this holds true for every Jordan curve (Steinhaus 1999, p. ...

There appear to be two different definitions of the standard error. The standard error of a sample of sample size n is the sample's standard deviation divided by sqrt(n). It ...

A standard normal distribution is a normal distribution with zero mean (mu=0) and unit variance (sigma^2=1), given by the probability density function and distribution ...

The distribution of a variable is a description of the relative numbers of times each possible outcome will occur in a number of trials. The function describing the ...

The mathematical study of the likelihood and probability of events occurring based on known information and inferred by taking a limited number of samples. Statistics plays ...

A construction done using only a straightedge. The Poncelet-Steiner theorem proves that all constructions possible using a compass and straightedge are possible using a ...

Let U(P,Q) and V(P,Q) be Lucas sequences generated by P and Q, and define D=P^2-4Q. (1) Let n be an odd composite number with (n,D)=1, and n-(D/n)=2^sd with d odd and s>=0, ...

A strong pseudo-Riemannian metric on a smooth manifold M is a (0,2) tensor field g which is symmetric and for which, at each m in M, the map v_m|->g_m(v_m,·) is an ...

A strong Riemannian metric on a smooth manifold M is a (0,2) tensor field g which is both a strong pseudo-Riemannian metric and positive definite. In a very precise way, the ...