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A tree which is not rooted, i.e., a normal tree with no node singled out for special treatment (Skiena 1990, p. 107). Free trees are sometimes known instead as unrooted trees ...

The tabulation of raw data obtained by dividing it into classes of some size and computing the number of data elements (or their fraction out of the total) falling within ...

The Frobenius norm, sometimes also called the Euclidean norm (a term unfortunately also used for the vector L^2-norm), is matrix norm of an m×n matrix A defined as the square ...

At rational arguments p/q, the digamma function psi_0(p/q) is given by psi_0(p/q)=-gamma-ln(2q)-1/2picot(p/qpi) +2sum_(k=1)^([q/2]-1)cos((2pipk)/q)ln[sin((pik)/q)] (1) for ...

_2F_1(a,b;c;1)=((c-b)_(-a))/((c)_(-a))=(Gamma(c)Gamma(c-a-b))/(Gamma(c-a)Gamma(c-b)) for R[c-a-b]>0, where _2F_1(a,b;c;x) is a (Gauss) hypergeometric function. If a is a ...

If u_n>0 and given B(n) a bounded function of n as n->infty, express the ratio of successive terms as |(u_n)/(u_(n+1))|=1+h/n+(B(n))/(n^r) for r>1. The series converges for ...

The Gelfand transform x|->x^^ is defined as follows. If phi:B->C is linear and multiplicative in the senses phi(ax+by)=aphi(x)+bphi(y) and phi(xy)=phi(x)phi(y), where B is a ...

A figurate number of the form g_n=2n-1 giving the area of the square gnomon obtained by removing a square of side n-1 from a square of side n, g_n = n^2-(n-1)^2 (1) = 2n-1. ...

The function defined by y=ab^(q^x). It is used in actuarial science for specifying a simplified mortality law (Kenney and Keeping 1962, p. 241). Using s(x) as the probability ...

The eigenvalues of a graph are defined as the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. The set of eigenvalues of a graph is called a graph spectrum. The largest eigenvalue ...