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A geodesic is a locally length-minimizing curve. Equivalently, it is a path that a particle which is not accelerating would follow. In the plane, the geodesics are straight ...

The hyperbolic sine is defined as sinhz=1/2(e^z-e^(-z)). (1) The notation shz is sometimes also used (Gradshteyn and Ryzhik 2000, p. xxix). It is implemented in the Wolfram ...

The infimum is the greatest lower bound of a set S, defined as a quantity m such that no member of the set is less than m, but if epsilon is any positive quantity, however ...

A goodness-of-fit test for any statistical distribution. The test relies on the fact that the value of the sample cumulative density function is asymptotically normally ...

One of the four divisions of observations which have been grouped into four equal-sized sets based on their statistical rank. The quartile including the top statistically ...

The supremum is the least upper bound of a set S, defined as a quantity M such that no member of the set exceeds M, but if epsilon is any positive quantity, however small, ...

A sequence of functions {f_n}, n=1, 2, 3, ... is said to be uniformly convergent to f for a set E of values of x if, for each epsilon>0, an integer N can be found such that ...

The Mathieu functions are the solutions to the Mathieu differential equation (d^2V)/(dv^2)+[a-2qcos(2v)]V=0. (1) Even solutions are denoted C(a,q,v) and odd solutions by ...

A transpose of a doubly indexed object is the object obtained by replacing all elements a_(ij) with a_(ji). For a second-tensor rank tensor a_(ij), the tensor transpose is ...

A modulo multiplication group is a finite group M_m of residue classes prime to m under multiplication mod m. M_m is Abelian of group order phi(m), where phi(m) is the ...