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The torsion of a space curve, sometimes also called the "second curvature" (Kreyszig 1991, p. 47), is the rate of change of the curve's osculating plane. The torsion tau is ...

A transposition graph G_n is a graph whose nodes correspond to permutations and edges to permutations that differ by exactly one transposition (Skiena 1990, p. 9, Clark ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/11 for n an integer cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root extractions on real rational numbers because 11 is not a ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/13 for n an integer cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root extractions on real rational numbers because 13 is not a ...

The twin composites may be defined by analogy with the twin primes as pairs of composite numbers (n,n+2). Since all even number are trivially twin composites, it is natural ...

By way of analogy with the eban numbers, uban numbers are defined as numbers whose English names do not contain the letter "u" (i.e., "u" is banned). Note that this ...

The Weibull distribution is given by P(x) = alphabeta^(-alpha)x^(alpha-1)e^(-(x/beta)^alpha) (1) D(x) = 1-e^(-(x/beta)^alpha) (2) for x in [0,infty), and is implemented in ...

An illusion invented by the German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt in the 19th century. In the figure above, the two red horizontal lines are both straight, but they look as if ...

The Zak transform is a signal transform relevant to time-continuous signals sampled at a uniform rate and an arbitrary clock phase (Janssen 1988). The Zak transform of a ...

If 1<=b<a and (a,b)=1 (i.e., a and b are relatively prime), then a^n-b^n has at least one primitive prime factor with the following two possible exceptions: 1. 2^6-1^6. 2. ...