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An ideal I of a ring R is called principal if there is an element a of R such that I=aR={ar:r in R}. In other words, the ideal is generated by the element a. For example, the ...

A polygon vertex x_i of a simple polygon P is a principal polygon vertex if the diagonal [x_(i-1),x_(i+1)] intersects the boundary of P only at x_(i-1) and x_(i+1).

A loose term for a true statement which may be a postulate, theorem, etc.

Let D be a subset of the nonnegative integers Z^* with the properties that (1) the integer 0 is in D and (2) any time that the interval [0,n] is contained in D, one can show ...

Let D be a subset of the nonnegative integers Z^* with the properties that (1) the integer 0 is in D and (2) any time that n is in D, one can show that n+1 is also in D. ...

A data structure designed to allow repeated extraction of the smallest remaining key (Skiena 1990, p. 38).

A Möbius strip with finite thickness.

The volume of a prismatoid is equal to the sum of the volumes of a pyramid, a wedge, and a parallelepiped.

A prismatoid having planar sides and the same number of vertices in both of its parallel planes. The faces of a prismoid are therefore either trapezoids or parallelograms. ...

A probabilistic experiment is an occurrence such as the tossing of a coin, rolling of a die, etc. in which the complexity of the underlying system leads to an outcome that ...