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A vector derivative is a derivative taken with respect to a vector field. Vector derivatives are extremely important in physics, where they arise throughout fluid mechanics, ...

An algorithm is a specific set of instructions for carrying out a procedure or solving a problem, usually with the requirement that the procedure terminate at some point. ...

The conjecture made by Belgian mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan in 1844 that 8 and 9 (2^3 and 3^2) are the only consecutive powers (excluding 0 and 1). In other words, ...

If two numbers b and c have the property that their difference b-c is integrally divisible by a number m (i.e., (b-c)/m is an integer), then b and c are said to be "congruent ...

The cosine function cosx is one of the basic functions encountered in trigonometry (the others being the cosecant, cotangent, secant, sine, and tangent). Let theta be an ...

A double bubble is pair of bubbles which intersect and are separated by a membrane bounded by the intersection. The usual double bubble is illustrated in the left figure ...

A theorem sometimes called "Euclid's first theorem" or Euclid's principle states that if p is a prime and p|ab, then p|a or p|b (where | means divides). A corollary is that ...

The Hall-Janko graph, also known as the Hall-Janko-Wales graph, is a strongly regular graph on 100 nodes with parameters (nu,k,lambda,mu)=(100,36,14,12). It is also a ...

There are a number of point processes which are called Hawkes processes and while many of these notions are similar, some are rather different. There are also different ...

An inner product is a generalization of the dot product. In a vector space, it is a way to multiply vectors together, with the result of this multiplication being a scalar. ...